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Despite early victories in Egypt and an initially successful expedition into Syria, the destruction of a French Navy fleet by the British navy at the Battle of the Nile stranded French troops in Egypt, and the defeat of Napoleon and his Army of the Orient by Anglo-Ottoman forces at Acre forced the French to withdraw from Syria.
The victory effectively sealed the French conquest of Egypt as Murad Bey salvaged the remnants of his army, chaotically fleeing to Upper Egypt. French casualties amounted to roughly 300, but Ottoman and Mamluk casualties soared to approximately 10,000. Napoleon entered Cairo after the battle and created a new local administration under his ...
Napoleon Bonaparte [b] (born Napoleone Buonaparte; [1] [c] 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of military campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
When Napoleon invaded Egypt in July 1798, he brought more than just tens of thousands of soldiers. He also recruited more than 150 scientists, known as savants, to accompany him.
The Peninsular war proved a major disaster for France. Napoleon did well when he was in direct charge, but severe losses followed his departure, as he severely underestimated how much manpower would be needed. The effort in Spain was a drain on money, manpower and prestige. Historian David Gates called it the "Spanish ulcer".
He also formed the Commission des Sciences et des Arts, a body of scientists and engineers intended to establish a French colony in Egypt. [9] Napoleon kept the destination of the expedition top secret—most of the army's officers did not know of its target, and Bonaparte did not publicly reveal his goal until the first stage of the expedition ...
In early 1798, Napoleon proposed its annexation as part of a wider plan to weaken British interests in Asia. [11] He hoped to use Egypt as the first step in taking Constantinople, then to invade India and attack British possessions there. [12] This was duly approved, and in July 1798, a French expeditionary force of over 40,000 landed in ...
May 3: Napoleon sells the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. May 18: Britain declares war on France; May 26: France invades Hanover; 1804. March 21: Introduction of the Civil Code (also known as Napoleon Code) May 18: Napoleon proclaimed Emperor of the French by the Senate; December 2: Napoleon crowns himself emperor, in the company of the Pope; 1805