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A VUS is a common result in genetic testing. A variant of uncertain ( or unknown) significance ( VUS) is a genetic variant that has been identified through genetic testing but whose significance to the function or health of an organism is not known. [1] Two related terms are "gene of uncertain significance" (GUS), which refers to a gene that ...
Mutagen. The international pictogram for chemicals that are sensitising, mutagenic, carcinogenic or toxic to reproduction. In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that permanently changes genetic material, usually DNA, in an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level.
Medical genetics. A BRCA mutation is a mutation in either of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are tumour suppressor genes. Hundreds of different types of mutations in these genes have been identified, some of which have been determined to be harmful, while others have no proven impact.
v. t. e. Genetic drift, also known as random genetic drift, allelic drift or the Wright effect, [1] is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant ( allele) in a population due to random chance. [2] Genetic drift may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation. [3]
Mutations can involve the duplication of large sections of DNA, usually through genetic recombination. [9] These duplications are a major source of raw material for evolving new genes, with tens to hundreds of genes duplicated in animal genomes every million years. [10] Most genes belong to larger gene families of shared ancestry, detectable by ...
Sex and the law. Female genital mutilation ( FGM) (also known as female genital cutting, female genital mutilation/cutting ( FGM/C) and female circumcision [a]) is the ritual cutting or removal of some or all of the vulva. The prevalence of FGM varies worldwide, but is majorly present in some countries of Africa, Asia and the Middle East, and ...
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [2] [7] These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. [7] Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. [1]
Varidnaviria. A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. [1] Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. [2] [3] Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity.