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These genetically modified plants with Bt protein are grown on a large scale around the world. [2] Monsanto's corn line MON 810 is produced by ballistically transforming another corn line with a plasmid, PV-ZMCT10. [3] This plasmid has a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and hsp70 maize intron sequences which drive the expression of the ...
MON 802 is an Insect Resistant maize under license from Monsanto Company. [2] Corn line MON802 was developed through genetic modification to be tolerant [3] to glyphosate herbicide and protect the plant from the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) (the Bt trait). [4] MON 809 is an Insect Resistant maize under license from Monsanto. [5]
Monsanto subsequently developed Bt maize (MON 802, MON 809, MON 863, MON 810), Bt soybean [129] and Bt cotton. Monsanto produces seed that has multiple genetic modifications, also known as "stacked traits"—for instance, cotton that make one or more Bt proteins and is resistant to glyphosate.
In 2009 the government of Mexico created a regulatory pathway for genetically modified maize, [85] but because Mexico is the center of diversity for maize, gene flow could affect a large fraction of the world's maize strains. [86] [87] A 2001 report in Nature presented evidence that Bt maize was cross-breeding with unmodified maize in Mexico. [88]
MON 863 is a genetically engineered variety of maize produced by Monsanto. It is genetically altered to express a modified version of Cry3Bb1, a delta endotoxin which originates from Bacillus thuringiensis. [1] [2] This protects the plant from corn rootworm.
SmartStax is a brand of genetically modified seed made through a collaboration between Monsanto Company and Dow Chemical Company. [1] It takes advantage of multiple modes of insect protection and herbicide tolerance. SmartStax takes advantage of Yieldgard VT Triple (Monsanto), Herculex Xtra (Dow), RoundUp Ready 2 (Monsanto), and Liberty Link ...
Monsanto did this with Bt cotton in India, where the product was rapidly adopted. [218] Monsanto has also; in an attempt to simplify the process of implementing refuges in fields to comply with Insect Resistance Management(IRM) policies and prevent irresponsible planting practices; begun marketing seed bags with a set proportion of refuge (non ...
This was the first instance of Bt resistance confirmed by Monsanto anywhere in the world. [83] [84] Monsanto responded by introducing a second-generation cotton with multiple Bt proteins, which was rapidly adopted. [83] Bollworm resistance to first-generation Bt cotton was also identified in Australia, China, Spain, and the United States. [85]