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Adenosis involves an abnormal count and density of lobular units, while other lesions appear to mainly arise from ductal epithelial origins. There is evidence that iodine deficiency contributes to fibrocystic breast changes by enhancing breast tissue sensitivity to estrogen .
Vaginal adenosis is a benign abnormality in the vagina, commonly thought to be caused by intrauterine and neonatal exposure of diethylstilbestrol and other progestogens and nonsteroidal estrogens, however it has also been observed in otherwise healthy women and has been considered at times idiopathic or congenital.
Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (also abbreviated SPA) is a rare salivary gland tumor first described in 1996 by Dr. Brion Smith. [1] The major salivary glands, specifically the parotid gland (about 70% of cases) and the submandibular gland , are affected most commonly.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia can cause the abnormal development of the vagina. [52] [53] [54] Vaginal adenosis is the abnormal presence of cervical and uterine tissue within the wall of the vagina. [55] Ten percent of women have this condition and remain unsymptomatic. It rarely develops into a malignancy. [56]
Sclerosing polycystic sialadenitis histologically resembles sclerosing adenosis/fibrocystic change of breast tissue. It composes of acini and ductal elements embedded in dense sclerotic stroma, and has a characteristic finding of large acinar cells present with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules.
DES was a drug previously given to some women with high-risk pregnancies to prevent miscarriage. Women who were exposed to DES in utero should be evaluated yearly with a pap smear and pelvic exam due to risk of developing clear cell adenocarcinoma. [9] [10] Vaginal clear cell carcinoma frequently presents with abnormal uterine bleeding.
Even though it was once thought to no longer occur past the age of 30, it is still seen in the 40s and 50s. Some of the main signs and symptoms for clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina are spotting between menstrual cycles, bleeding post-menopause, abnormal bleeding, and malignant pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade. [4]
Hysterectomy, or surgical removal of the uterus, has historically been the primary method of diagnosing and treating adenomyosis. [6] It was especially popular in women who had completed their childbearing or in cases where fertility was not desired. Today, there are many more medical and surgical interventions available.