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Inclusion bodies in cells of the brain are one of the earliest pathological changes, and some experiments have found that they can be toxic for the cell, but other experiments have shown that they may form as part of the body's defense mechanism and help protect cells. [49] Several pathways by which mHtt may cause cell death have been identified.
In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them. Brain atrophy can be classified into two main categories: generalized and focal atrophy. [2] Generalized atrophy occurs across the entire brain whereas focal atrophy affects cells in a specific location. [2] If the cerebral hemispheres (the two lobes of the ...
Some say that exercise is the best way to prevent memory problems, because that would increase blood flow to the brain and perhaps help new brain cells grow. [citation needed] The treatment will depend on the cause of memory loss, but various drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease have been suggested in recent years.
Attention is a broad construct that refers to "the cognitive ability that allows us to deal with the inherent processing limitations of the human brain by selecting information for further processing". [55] Since the human brain has limited resources, people use their attention to zone in on specific stimuli and block out others. [citation needed]
The human brain is one of the most metabolically active organs in the body and metabolizes a large amount of glucose to produce cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). [69] Despite its high energy demands, the brain is relatively inflexible in its ability to utilize substrates for energy production and relies almost ...
The ligands cross the blood–brain barrier and attach to aggregated Aβ, and their retention in the brain is assessed by positron emission tomography. In addition, the presence of plaques and tangles can be estimated by measuring the amounts of the Aβ and tau proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid. [42] [43]
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The disorders cause impairment of brain function which may result in memory loss, personality changes, and abnormal or impaired movement which worsen over time. [ 3 ] TSEs of humans include Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease , Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome , fatal familial insomnia , and kuru , as well as the recently discovered ...