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Old Polish nouns declined for seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative and vocative; three numbers: singular, dual, plural; and had one of three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine or neuter. The following is a simplified table of Old Polish noun declension: [56] [57]
The first Polish dictionaries took the form of Polish–Latin (or more correctly, Old Polish–Latin) bilingual translation aids and date to the 15th century. [1] The oldest known one is the Wokabularz trydencki [ pl ] from 1424; it contains about 500 entries, and is associated with the Prince Alexander of Masovia .
The Masovian dialect group (Polish: dialekt mazowiecki), also Mazovian, is a dialect group of the Polish language spoken in Mazovia and historically related regions, in northeastern Poland. [1] It is the most distinct of the Polish dialects and the most expansive. [1] Masovian dialect (B3) among languages of Central Europe
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Polish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{}}, {{}}, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
In terms of the most important, dialect groups are usually divided based on the presence of masuration (present in Masovian and Lesser Polish dialects) and voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids in the next word or sometimes the personal verb clitics -m, -ś, -śmy, -ście as in byliśmy (e.g. jak jestem may be realized as ...
However, a decomposed palatalization of kie, gie i.e. [c̱je], [ɟ̱je] in all contexts is a predominant pronunciation in contemporary Polish. [89] Based on that, a system without palatalized velars is given by Strutyński (2002 :73), Rocławski (2010 :199) and Osowicka-Kondratowicz (2012 :223).
The Polish language is a West Slavic language, and thus descends from Proto-Slavic, and more distantly from Proto-Indo-European.More specifically, it is a member of the Lechitic branch of the West Slavic languages, along with other languages spoken in areas within or close to the area of modern Poland: including Kashubian, Silesian, and the extinct Slovincian and Polabian.
The pronunciation of the sequence wja (in wjazd) is the same as the pronunciation of wia (in wiadro "bucket"). The ending -ii which appears in the inflected forms of some nouns of foreign origin, which have -ia in the nominative case (always after g , k , l , and r ; sometimes after m , n , and other consonants), is pronounced as [ji] , with ...