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Diet with exercise may reduce the risk of caesarean section, having a large baby and having a baby with serious breathing problems. [21] Diet and exercise help pregnant women not gain too much weight during pregnancy when compared with giving the women no help to control weight gain or routine care (usually one session in the pregnancy). [21]
Caffeine consumption during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of pregnancy loss [5] [41] and increased risk of low birth weight, defined as below 2500 grams (5.5 pounds). [ 42 ] [ 43 ] [ 44 ] The European Food Safety Authority and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists concur that habitual caffeine consumption up to ...
The Bradley method emphasizes that birth is a natural process: mothers are encouraged to trust their body and focus on diet and exercise throughout pregnancy; and it teaches couples to manage labor through deep breathing and the support of a partner or labor coach. [1]
A 2009 study showed that over 52 percent of pregnant women gain more weight than the recommended, 23-35 pounds. [9] During the second and third trimester, the average diet needs only to be increased by 300 calories, and it may be argued that pregnancy vegetarianism may be a way of monitoring diet and calorie intake. [10]
Pregnancy usually occurs by sexual intercourse, but can also occur through assisted reproductive technology procedures. [6] A pregnancy may end in a live birth, a miscarriage, an induced abortion, or a stillbirth. Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the start of the last menstrual period (LMP), a span known as the gestational age.
Life is a major pregnancy and maternal support charity in the United Kingdom, which has made national headlines for its anti-abortion message. [1] [2] The charity was founded in 1970 by husband and wife Jack and Nuala Scarisbrick. [3] [4] Catholics and evangelicals form the majority of Life's membership and support. [5]
"Childbirth educators" are instructors who aim to teach pregnant women and their partners about the nature of pregnancy, labour signs and stages, techniques for giving birth, breastfeeding and newborn baby care. Training for this role can be found in hospital settings or through independent certifying organisations.
In human pregnancy, prenatal development is also called antenatal development. The development of the human embryo follows fertilization , and continues as fetal development . By the end of the tenth week of gestational age , the embryo has acquired its basic form and is referred to as a fetus .