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Varian Medical Systems is an American radiation oncology treatments and software maker based in Palo Alto, California. Their medical devices include linear accelerators (LINACs) and software for treating cancer and other medical conditions with radiotherapy , radiosurgery , proton therapy , and brachytherapy .
Varian Associates was one of the first high-tech companies in Silicon Valley.It was founded in 1948 by Russell H. and Sigurd F. Varian, William Webster Hansen, and Edward Ginzton to sell the klystron, the first vacuum tube which could amplify electromagnetic waves at microwave frequencies, and other electromagnetic equipment.
Varian, Inc. was one of the largest manufacturers of scientific instruments for the scientific industry. [1] They had offerings over a broad range of chemical analysis equipment, with a particular focus on Information Rich Detection [ clarification needed ] and Vacuum technology.
Macaulay's method (the double integration method) is a technique used in structural analysis to determine the deflection of Euler-Bernoulli beams.Use of Macaulay's technique is very convenient for cases of discontinuous and/or discrete loading.
Varian Associates, an electronics company which split up into three companies in 1999: Varian Medical Systems, a manufacturer of medical equipment; Varian, Inc., a manufacturer of scientific instruments, now part of Agilent Technologies; Varian Semiconductor, a supplier of equipment for semiconductor manufacturers, now part of Applied Materials
Using other definitions of beam width does not work. In principle, one could use a single measurement at the waist to obtain the waist diameter, a single measurement in the far field to obtain the divergence, and then use these to calculate the BPP. The procedure above gives a more accurate result in practice, however.
Both spatial domain methods, and frequency (spectral) domain methods are available for the numerical solution of the discretized master equation. Upon discretization into a grid, (using various centralized difference, Crank–Nicolson method, FFT-BPM etc.) and field values rearranged in a causal fashion, the field evolution is computed through iteration, along the propagation direction.
The curve () describes the deflection of the beam in the direction at some position (recall that the beam is modeled as a one-dimensional object). is a distributed load, in other words a force per unit length (analogous to pressure being a force per area); it may be a function of , , or other variables.