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Japan is a signatory to the UN 1951 Refugee Convention as well as the 1967 Protocol. The country therefore has made a commitment to offer protection to people who seek asylum and fall into the legal definition of a refugee, and moreover, not to return any displaced person to places where they would otherwise face persecution.
The distinction between the meaning of the terms citizenship and nationality is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers a person's legal belonging to a country and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state; citizenship refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation.
The re-entry permit in Japan also exists in the form of a stamp, known as 再入国許可 (Japan Re-entry Permit), which is affixed to a foreign passport or other travel document and serves as a re-entry visa. Foreign nationals planning to travel outside Japan for more than one year are required to obtain a re-entry permit.
Alien registration (外国人登録, gaikokujin tōroku) was a system used to record information regarding aliens resident in Japan.It was handled at the municipal level, parallel to (but separately from) the koseki (family register) and juminhyo (resident register) systems used to record information regarding Japanese nationals.
The Japan Re-entry Permit (再入国許可書, or "Re-entry Permit to Japan") is a travel document similar to a certificate of identity, issued by Japan's Ministry of Justice. It is a passport-like booklet with a light brown cover with the words " 再入国許可書 RE-ENTRY PERMIT TO JAPAN" on the front.
Karl Jakob Krogness (2014) notes in Jus Koseki that, per Chikako Kashiwazaki (1998)'s exploration of the Japanese nationality system that it includes elements of jus domicilis (law of domicile). One who has a registered domicile in Japan is therefore Japanese because they possess such a domicile, and therefrom deriving a koseki .
The Travel Document for Return to Japan (Japanese: 帰国のための渡航書) is a travel document valid for one-way travel issued by a Japanese diplomatic mission abroad to a Japanese national residing or staying in an area outside Japan whose Japanese passport has been stolen, lost, damaged, expired, or is no longer in their possession, and who must urgently return to Japan. [1]
Young people continued to move to large cities, however, to attend universities and find work, but some returned to regional cities (a pattern known as U-turn) or to their prefecture of origin (a pattern known as J-turn). Government statistics show that in the 1980s significant numbers of people left the largest cities (Tokyo and Osaka). In ...