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Electricity is produced because the Volta potential between the two metal plates makes electrons flow from the zinc to the copper and corrode the zinc. [103] The non-magnetic character of zinc and its lack of color in solution delayed discovery of its importance to biochemistry and nutrition. [105]
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This confers a large magnetic moment on each atom. Below 727 °C, a unit cell of 58 spatially diverse atoms represents the energetically lowest way of achieving a zero net magnetic moment. [140] The crystal structure of manganese makes it a hard and brittle metal, with low electrical and thermal conductivity.
Zinc is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure. [14] The metal is hard and brittle at most temperatures but becomes malleable between 100 and 150 °C (212 and 302 °F). [9] [10] Above 210 °C (410 °F), the metal becomes brittle again and can be pulverized by beating. [15] Zinc is a fair conductor of electricity. [9]
Ferrites can be divided into two groups based on their magnetic coercivity, their resistance to being demagnetized: [2] "Hard" ferrites have high coercivity, so are difficult to demagnetize. They are used to make permanent magnets for applications such as refrigerator magnets, loudspeakers, and small electric motors.
Permanent magnets are made from hard ferromagnetic materials (such as alnico) and ferrimagnetic materials (such as ferrite) that are subjected to special processing in a strong magnetic field during manufacturing to align their internal microcrystalline structure, making them difficult to demagnetize. To demagnetize a saturated magnet, a ...
The manufacturability of the materials depend on the thermal equilibrium solubility of the dopant in the base material. E.g., solubility of many dopants in zinc oxide is high enough to prepare the materials in bulk, while some other materials have so low solubility of dopants that to prepare them with high enough dopant concentration thermal nonequilibrium preparation mechanisms have to be ...
Heavy metals is a controversial and ambiguous term [2] for metallic elements with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers.The criteria used, and whether metalloids are included, vary depending on the author and context and has been argued should not be used.