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In 2015, squamous cell cancer of the head and neck region was the fifth most common cancer other than skin cancer, globally, with an annual incidence of 600,000 cases and about 60,000 cases annually in the United States and Europe. [218]
Oropharyngeal cancer, [1] [2] [3] also known as oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and tonsil cancer, [1] is a disease in which abnormal cells with the potential to both grow locally and spread to other parts of the body are found in the oral cavity, in the tissue of the part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.
The most common type (indicated in about 90%) of oral and oropharyngeal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. [5] Approximately 63% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas each year are associated with HPV infection. [1] Most cases of HPV go undetected and clear up on their own without the patient ever knowing they had contracted it. [1] [2]
Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC), also known as epidermoid carcinoma, comprises a number of different types of cancer that begin in squamous cells. [1] These cells form on the surface of the skin, on the lining of hollow organs in the body, and on the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts .
Squamous cell papilloma of the mouth or throat is generally diagnosed in people between the ages of 30 and 50, [1] and is normally found on the inside of the cheek, on the tongue, or inside of lips. Oral papillomas are usually painless, and not treated unless they interfere with eating or are causing pain. [ 1 ]
Cervical cancer was the most frequent HPV-associated cancer with on average 292 cases per year (74% of the female total, and 54% of the overall total of HPV-associated cancers). [197] A study of 996 cervical cytology samples in an Irish urban female, opportunistically screened population, found an overall HPV prevalence of 19.8%, HPV 16 at 20% ...