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In 3-dimensional geometry and vector calculus, an area vector is a vector combining an area quantity with a direction, thus representing an oriented area in three dimensions. Every bounded surface in three dimensions can be associated with a unique area vector called its vector area .
Another proof that uses triangles considers the area enclosed by a circle to be made up of an infinite number of triangles (i.e. the triangles each have an angle of dπ at the centre of the circle), each with an area of β 1 / 2 β · r 2 · dπ (derived from the expression for the area of a triangle: β 1 / 2 β · a · b · sinπ ...
The circle is the shape with the largest area for a given length of perimeter (see Isoperimetric inequality). The circle is a highly symmetric shape: every line through the centre forms a line of reflection symmetry, and it has rotational symmetry around the centre for every angle.
A circular segment (in green) is enclosed between a secant/chord (the dashed line) and the arc whose endpoints equal the chord's (the arc shown above the green area). In geometry, a circular segment or disk segment (symbol: β) is a region of a disk [1] which is "cut off" from the rest of the disk by a straight line.
The formula for the area of a circle (more properly called the area enclosed by a circle or the area of a disk) is based on a similar method. Given a circle of radius r, it is possible to partition the circle into sectors, as shown in the figure to the right. Each sector is approximately triangular in shape, and the sectors can be rearranged to ...
The circle is considered 1-dimensional, ... β be the surface area of the unit ... β -dimensional vector of normal deviates ...
These vectors are commonly shown as small circles. A circle with a dot at its centre (Unicode U+2299 β) indicates a vector pointing out of the front of the diagram, toward the viewer. A circle with a cross inscribed in it (Unicode U+2297 ⊗) indicates a vector pointing into and behind the diagram.
Squircle centred on the origin (a = b = 0) with minor radius r = 1: x 4 + y 4 = 1A squircle is a shape intermediate between a square and a circle.There are at least two definitions of "squircle" in use, one based on the superellipse, the other arising from work in optics.