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Gastric electrical stimulation is a pacemaker-like device with electrical connections to the surface of the stomach. The device works by disrupting of the motility cycle or stimulating enteric nervous system. There are a number of different devices on the market including Transend, Maestro, and Diamond. [1]
Gastric pacing is the process where a pacemaker is placed external to the stomach, [1] and leads penetrate the gastric tissue to ensure that an adequate current is running through the cells. It is used as a treatment for gastroparesis .
Gastric electrical stimulation is the most common surgery for gastroparesis and uses small shocks to induce stomach contractions to move food along.
Treatment includes dietary modification, medications to stimulate gastric emptying (including some prokinetic agents), medications to reduce vomiting (including some antiemetics), and surgical approaches. [5] Additionally, gastric electrical stimulation (GES; approved on a humanitarian device exemption) can be used as treatment. [6]
The cells that respond to and secrete these substances include I cells and K cells in the proximal small intestine, whose stimulation is dependent on nutrient exposure and entry into the duodenum, and L cells in the distal small intestine and colon which are stimulated by unabsorbed nutrients and gastric emptying. [5]
The electrical activity or more properly termed myoelectrical activity of the GI tract can be subdivided into two categories: electrical control activity (ECA) and electrical response activity (ERA). ECA is characterized by regularly recurring electrical potentials, originating in the gastric pacemaker located in the body of stomach. The slow ...