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Much of the nomenclature, methods, and applications for the study of anatomy can be traced back to the works of the ancient Greeks. [3] In the fifth-century BCE, the philosopher Alcmaeon may have been one of the first to have dissected animals for anatomical purposes, and possibly identified the optic nerves and Eustachian tubes. [4]
Herophilos (right) teaching Anatomy, 1906, by Veloso Salgado (NOVA Medical School, Lisbon) Herophilos (/ h ɪ ˈ r ɒ f ɪ l ə s /; Ancient Greek: Ἡρόφιλος; 335–280 BC), sometimes Latinised Herophilus, was a Greek physician regarded as one of the earliest anatomists. Born in Chalcedon, he spent the majority of his life in Alexandria ...
Greek art emphasized humanism along with the human mind and the human body's beauty. [8] Greek youths trained and competed in athletic contests in the nude. A great contribution to the contrapposto pose was the concept of a canon of proportions, in which mathematical properties are used to create proportions.
In some of its facets human anatomy is closely related to embryology, comparative anatomy and comparative embryology, [1] through common roots in evolution; for example, much of the human body maintains the ancient segmental pattern that is present in all vertebrates with basic units being repeated, which is particularly obvious in the ...
The study of human physiology began with Hippocrates in Ancient Greece, around 420 BCE, and with Aristotle (384–322 BCE) who applied critical thinking and emphasis on the relationship between structure and function. Galen (c. 126 – c. 199) was the first to use experiments to probe the body's functions. [69]
The axial skeleton (80 bones) is formed by the vertebral column (32–34 bones; the number of the vertebrae differs from human to human as the lower 2 parts, sacral and coccygeal bone may vary in length), a part of the rib cage (12 pairs of ribs and the sternum), and the skull (22 bones and 7 associated bones).
Body proportions is the study of artistic anatomy, which attempts to explore the relation of the elements of the human body to each other and to the whole. These ratios are used in depictions of the human figure and may become part of an artistic canon of body proportion within a culture.
In the western chamber, two skeletons were found on the floor, one in the south west corner of the room This body was of a 28-year-old female. She could have been a high priestess of some sort. The other skeleton was that of a male, he was aged in his late thirties, and 183 cm (6 ft.) tall, and powerfully built, he was lying on his back with ...