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  2. Volga Germans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga_Germans

    During World War II, the republic was abolished by the Soviet government and the Volga Germans were forcibly expelled to a number of areas in the hinterlands of the Soviet Union. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, many Volga Germans emigrated to Germany.

  3. Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga_German_Autonomous...

    The German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 marked the end of the Volga German ASSR. On 28 August 1941, the republic was formally abolished and, out of fear they could act as German collaborators, all Volga Germans were exiled to the Kazakh SSR, Altai and Siberia. [4] Many were interned in labor camps merely due to their heritage. [2]

  4. History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Germans_in...

    The German minority population in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union stemmed from several sources and arrived in several waves. Since the second half of the 19th century, as a consequence of the Russification policies and compulsory military service in the Russian Empire, large groups of Germans from Russia emigrated to the Americas (mainly Canada, the United States, Brazil and Argentina ...

  5. A-A line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-A_line

    The line had its origins in an earlier military study carried out in the summer of 1940 by General Erich Marcks called the Operation Draft East. [4] This report advocated the occupation of the Soviet Union up to the line "Arkhangelsk-Gorky-Rostov" in order to prevent it from being a threat to Germany in the future and "protect it against enemy bombers".

  6. Volksdeutsche - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksdeutsche

    Instead, ethnic Germans of foreign citizenship living outside of Germany are called "Deutsche Minderheit" (meaning "German minority"), or names more closely associated with their earlier places of residence, such as Wolgadeutsche or Volga Germans, the ethnic Germans living in the Volga basin in Russia; and Baltic Germans, who generally called ...

  7. Germans of Kazakhstan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans_of_Kazakhstan

    Most Germans in Kazakhstan are the descendants of Volga Germans, who were deported to the then Soviet republic of Kazakhstan from the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic soon after the Nazi German Invasion during World War II. Large portions of the community were imprisoned in the Soviet labor camp system.

  8. Population transfer in the Soviet Union - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_transfer_in_the...

    A study published by the German government in 1974 estimated the number of German civilian victims of crimes during expulsion of Germans after World War II between 1945 and 1948 to be over 600,000, with about 400,000 deaths in the areas east of the Oder and Neisse (ca. 120,000 in acts of direct violence, mostly by Soviet troops but also by ...

  9. Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_of_the...

    Raphael Lemkin, a lawyer of Polish-Jewish descent who initiated the Genocide Convention, assumed that genocide was perpetrated in the context of the mass deportation of the Chechens, Ingush, Volga Germans, Crimean Tatars, Kalmyks and Karachay. [131] German investigative journalist Lutz Kleveman compared the deportation to a "slow genocide". [84]