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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a subset of cell surface proteins [1] that are involved in the binding of cells with other cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM), in a process called cell adhesion. [2] In essence, CAMs help cells stick to each other and to their surroundings.
Schematic of cell adhesion. Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface. This process can occur either through direct contact between cell surfaces such as cell junctions or indirect interaction, where cells attach to surrounding extracellular matrix, a gel-like structure containing molecules released ...
These short amino acid sequences are the minimum motif of a larger protein that is necessary for binding to a cell surface receptor that drives cell adhesion. [40] The majority (89%) of published studies on biomaterials functionalized with cell adhesive peptides use RGD, whereas IKVAV and YIGSR are used in 6%, and 4% of those studies ...
Focal adhesions can contain over 100 different proteins, which suggests a considerable functional diversity. [3] More than anchoring the cell, they function as signal carriers (sensors), which inform the cell about the condition of the ECM and thus affect their behavior. [4]
The literature-based adhesome contains enzymes, such as protein tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases, guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase activating proteins, E3-ligases and proteases, that regulate adhesion through post translational modification of the many structural and scaffolding proteins found in the adhesome ...
Cadherins are a class of type-1 transmembrane proteins, and they depend on calcium (Ca 2+) ions to function, hence their name. Cell-cell adhesion is mediated by extracellular cadherin domains, whereas the intracellular cytoplasmic tail associates with numerous adaptors and signaling proteins, collectively referred to as the cadherin adhesome.
Regulation proteins – regulate membrane vesicle targeting. Transmembrane proteins – including junctional adhesion molecule, occludin, and claudin. It is believed that claudin is the protein molecule responsible for the selective permeability between epithelial layers.
Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 also known as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) or cluster of differentiation 106 (CD106) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VCAM1 gene. [5] VCAM-1 functions as a cell adhesion molecule .