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The temperature on land rose by 1.59 °C while over the ocean it rose by 0.88 °C. [3] In 2020 the temperature was 1.2 °C above the pre-industrial era. [4] In September 2023 the temperature was 1.75 °C above pre-industrial level and during the entire year of 2023 is expected to be 1.4 °C above it. [5]
The geologic temperature record are changes in Earth's environment as determined from geologic evidence on multi-million to billion (10 9) year time scales. The study of past temperatures provides an important paleoenvironmental insight because it is a component of the climate and oceanography of the time.
Global surface temperature (GST) is the average temperature of Earth's surface. More precisely, it is the weighted average of the temperatures over the ocean and land. The former is also called sea surface temperature and the latter is called surface air temperature. Temperature data comes mainly from weather stations and satellites.
Top chart: Earth's climate has cycled between ice ages and warm interglacial periods, with each cycle taking tens of thousands of years or more. Middle chart: Global average temperature was in a cooling trend for thousands of years before fossil fuel based industrialization. Since then, it has increased about a full 1°C—in a time period less ...
English: Charts comparing percentages of Earth's surface reaching record temperatures since 1951, comparing records for January, April, July and October, from NOAA data. Source of data for series of charts titled " mm Month - Percent of global area at temperature records - Global warming - NOAA.svg":
The red curve shows the global mean temperature, according HadCRUT4 data from 1850 onwards. In blue is the original hockey stick of Mann, Bradley and Hughes (1999 ) with its uncertainty range (light blue).
The temperature range coveered by each color was chosen as 0.12 °C per color, in order to use use all sixteen colors without clipping. The "border" temperature between red and blue stripes was chosen as the average of the highest and lowest temperature values (not as an average of a date range as is customary in warming stripes).
English: Video showing most recent ~140 years of global warming in the perspective of the last ~2000 years. Method: I simplified the two source SVG images (below) in Inkscape, exported to big PNG files, and used Photoshop Elements to generate 59 frame-by-frame PNG images for Shotcut to generate the continuous transition this webm video.