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  2. Black Codes (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)

    The Black Codes, sometimes called the Black Laws, were laws which governed the conduct of African Americans (both free and freedmen).In 1832, James Kent wrote that "in most of the United States, there is a distinction in respect to political privileges, between free white persons and free colored persons of African blood; and in no part of the country do the latter, in point of fact ...

  3. Jim Crow laws - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws

    The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation, "Jim Crow" being a pejorative term for an African American. [1] The last of the Jim Crow laws were generally overturned in 1965. [2]

  4. List of Jim Crow law examples by state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jim_Crow_law...

    This is a list of examples of Jim Crow laws, which were state, territorial, and local laws in the United States enacted between 1877 and 1965. Jim Crow laws existed throughout the United States and originated from the Black Codes that were passed from 1865 to 1866 and from before the American Civil War.

  5. List of landmark African-American legislation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_landmark_African...

    Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - Ruled racial segregation and Jim Crow laws in the South to be constitutional under the "separate-but-equal" doctrine. Williams v. Mississippi (1898) - Upheld voting restrictions in the 1890 Mississippi State Constitution. Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education (1899) - Upheld de jure segregation in schools ...

  6. History of civil rights in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_civil_rights_in...

    Slave codes imposed them before the Civil War and by Black Codes and Jim Crow laws following the war. De facto segregation, or segregation "in fact", exists without the sanction of the law. Frederick Douglass and James N. Buffum

  7. Sixty years after the unwinding of Jim Crow, a historic US ...

    www.aol.com/news/sixty-years-unwinding-jim-crow...

    It was the beginning of the end of Jim Crow, the often brutally enforced web of racist laws and practices born in the South to subjugate Black Americans. Members of the last generation to live ...

  8. Black Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Code

    Code Noir, or Black Code, slavery decree in 1685 France; Black Codes (United States), discriminatory state and local laws passed after the Civil War in 1860s "Black code", another name for Jim Crow laws in 1960s

  9. This Black ‘special officer’ shows how Jim Crow played out in ...

    www.aol.com/news/black-special-officer-shows-jim...

    But the Jim Crow color line began with the police force refusing to hire Black officers. Someone had to uphold law and order on a daily basis in the Black community, and that job fell to a few ...