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The std::string class is the standard representation for a text string since C++98. The class provides some typical string operations like comparison, concatenation, find and replace, and a function for obtaining substrings. An std::string can be constructed from a C-style string, and a C-style string can also be obtained from one. [7]
Due to their usefulness, they were later included in several other implementations of the C++ Standard Library (e.g., the GNU Compiler Collection's (GCC) libstdc++ [2] and the Visual C++ (MSVC) standard library). The hash_* class templates were proposed into C++ Technical Report 1 (C++ TR1) and were accepted under names unordered_*. [3]
Provides a modern way of formatting strings including std::format. <string> Provides the C++ standard string classes and templates. <string_view> Added in C++17. Provides class template std::basic_string_view, an immutable non-owning view to any string. <regex> Added in C++11. Provides utilities for pattern matching strings using regular ...
In object-oriented languages, string functions are often implemented as properties and methods of string objects. In functional and list-based languages a string is represented as a list (of character codes), therefore all list-manipulation procedures could be considered string functions.
A class template provides a specification for generating classes based on parameters. Class templates are generally used to implement containers. A class template is instantiated by passing a given set of types to it as template arguments. [5] The C++ Standard Library contains many class templates, in particular the containers adapted from the ...
The std::array is a fixed size container that is more efficient than std::vector but safer and easier to use than a c-style array. The std::forward_list is a single linked list that provides more space efficient storage than the double linked std::list when bidirectional iteration is not needed.
One common property of all sequential containers is that the elements can be accessed sequentially. Like all other standard library components, they reside in namespace std. The following containers are defined in the current revision of the C++ standard: array, vector, list, forward_list, deque.
A class in C++ is a user-defined type or data structure declared with any of the keywords class, struct or union (the first two are collectively referred to as non-union classes) that has data and functions (also called member variables and member functions) as its members whose access is governed by the three access specifiers private, protected or public.