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Ant venom is any of, or a mixture of, irritants and toxins inflicted by ants. Most ants spray or inject a venom, the main constituent of which is formic acid only in the case of subfamily Formicinae .
Its common name comes from the fact that colonies in North America usually make their nests under pavement. This is one of the most commonly seen ants in North America, being well adapted to urban and suburban habitats. It is distinguished by a single pair of spines on the back, two nodes on the petiole, and grooves on the head and thorax. [2]
The tawny crazy ant [2] [3] [4] or Rasberry crazy ant, [2] Nylanderia fulva, is an ant originating in South America. Like the longhorn crazy ant (Paratrechina longicornis), this species is called "crazy ant" because of its quick, unpredictable movements (the related N. pubens is known as the "Caribbean crazy ant").
The toxicology of fire ant venom is relatively well studied. The venom plays a central role in the biology of Red imported fire ants , such as in capturing prey, [ 1 ] and in defending itself from competitors, [ 2 ] assailants, [ 3 ] and diseases. [ 4 ]
The acidopore is a component of ant anatomy; a round orifice located on the abdomen encircled by hairs which typifies the subfamily Formicinae.The conical structure connects to the posterior end of an ant's gaster where formic acid and other hydrocarbons are formed, collectively comprising the venom.
Myrmecia forficata, commonly known as the inchman ant, is a species of bull ant that is native to Australia. [1] The ants are recorded in the south eastern part of the country, but are most common in the Australian Alps at elevations above 300m but can be found down to sea level around Melbourne and in Tasmania.
The southern fire ant (Solenopsis xyloni), also known as the Californian fire ant or cotton ant, [1]: 89 is a stinging fire ant native to southern parts of the United States.
The red imported fire ant is a member of the S. saevissima species-group. Members can be distinguished by their two-jointed clubs at the end of the funiculus in workers and queens, and the second and third segments of the funiculus are twice as long and broad in larger workers.