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The concentration of alcohol in a beverage is usually stated as the percentage of alcohol by volume (ABV, the number of milliliters (ml) of pure ethanol in 100 ml of beverage) or as proof. In the United States , proof is twice the percentage of alcohol by volume at 60 degrees Fahrenheit (e.g. 80 proof = 40% ABV).
United States standard drinks of beer, malt liquor, wine, and spirits compared. Each contains about 14 grams or 17.7 ml of ethanol. A standard drink or (in the UK) unit of alcohol is a measure of alcohol consumption representing a fixed amount of pure alcohol.
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a standard measure of the volume of alcohol contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage, expressed as a volume percent. [1] [2] [3] It is defined as the number of millilitres (mL) of pure ethanol present in
Mass concentration, g/(100 ml) at 15.56 °C Density relative to 4 °C water Density at 20 °C relative to 20 °C water ... liquid: vapor: liquid: vapor: 78.1:
This second variation is commonly seen in a double-thimble or "hourglass" form, with two metal cups of different volumes (often in a 3:2 or 2:1 ratio, like a U.S. standard 1.5 fl oz "jigger" and 1 fl oz "pony", or UK standard 25/50mL or 35/70mL combos) spot-welded to each other at their relative bottom surfaces, possibly with a handle between ...
A common scale is that of specific gravity (SG), that is to say the density of a liquid relative to the density of pure water (at a standard temperature). Specific gravity can also be measured by a pycnometer or oscillating U-tube electronic meter. Water has a SG of 1.000, absolute alcohol has a SG of 0.789. Other density scales are discussed ...
On 1 January 1980, Britain adopted the ABV system of measurement prescribed by the European Union, of which it was then a member. The OIML recommendation for ABV used by the EU states the alcohol by volume in a mixture containing alcohol as a percentage of the total volume of the mixture at a temperature of 293.15 K [20.00 °C; 68.00 °F].
The concentration of pure osmium tetroxide (molar mass = 254.23 g/mol) is c(OsO 4) = 5.1 kg/L / 254.23 g/mol = 20.1 mol/L. A typical protein in bacteria, such as E. coli, may have about 60 copies, and the volume of a bacterium is about 10 −15 L. Thus, the number concentration C is C = 60 / (10 −15 L) = 6 × 10 16 L −1. The molar ...