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As electron kinetic energy and undulator parameters can be adapted as desired, free-electron lasers are tunable and can be built for a wider frequency range than any other type of laser, [3] currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves, through terahertz radiation and infrared, to the visible spectrum, ultraviolet, and X-ray.
European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL) Schenefeld, near DESY: Germany: 17.5: 3400: 2017: Tantalus at the Synchrotron Radiation Center: University of Wisconsin: US: 0.24: 9.38: 1968: 1987 Synchrotron Radiation Center(SRC) University of Wisconsin: US: 1: 121: 1987: 2014 Solidi Roma Synchrotron Radiation Facility: Recycled 1GeV ...
The SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser, referred to as SACLA (pronounced さくら (Sa-Ku-Ra)), is an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) in Harima Science Garden City, Japan, embedded in the SPring-8 accelerator and synchrotron complex. [1] [2] When it first came into operation 2011, it was the second XFEL in the world and the first in ...
An X-ray laser can be created by several methods either in hot, dense plasmas or as a free-electron laser in an accelerator. This article describes the x-ray lasers in plasmas, only. This article describes the x-ray lasers in plasmas, only.
The European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (European XFEL) is an X-ray research laser facility commissioned during 2017. The first laser pulses were produced in May 2017 and the facility started user operation in September 2017.
None of these seemed promising, and DARPA dropped funding for X-ray laser research in favor of the more promising free electron laser. [ 8 ] In June 1977, two well-known Soviet researchers, Igor Sobel'man, and Vladilen Letokhov, displayed a film exposed to the output of plasmas of chlorine , calcium and titanium , similar to the Utah results.
The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a free electron laser facility located at SLAC. The LCLS is partially a reconstruction of the last 1/3 of the original linear accelerator at SLAC, and can deliver extremely intense x-ray radiation for research in a number of areas. It achieved first lasing in April 2009. [23]
The free-electron laser FELIX at the FOM Institute for Plasma Physics Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein. Free-electron lasers (FEL) generate coherent, high-power radiation that is widely tunable, currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves through terahertz radiation and infrared to the visible spectrum, to soft X-rays. They have the widest frequency ...