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  2. Upside risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upside_risk

    Upside risk is calculated using data only from days when the benchmark (for example S&P 500 Index) has gone up. [1] Upside risk focuses on uncertain positive returns rather than negative returns. For this reason, upside risk, while a measure of unpredictability of the extent of gains, is not a “ risk ” in the sense of a possibility of ...

  3. Causality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality

    Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is at least partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is at least partly dependent on the cause. [1]

  4. Causal notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_notation

    Even though () does not cause () and vice-versa, one can write an equation relating () and (). This equation may be used to successfully calculate the number of hibernating bears g ( y ) {\displaystyle g(y)} , given the surface area of the lake covered by ice.

  5. Causal analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_analysis

    Causal analysis is the field of experimental design and statistics pertaining to establishing cause and effect. [1] Typically it involves establishing four elements: correlation, sequence in time (that is, causes must occur before their proposed effect), a plausible physical or information-theoretical mechanism for an observed effect to follow from a possible cause, and eliminating the ...

  6. Upside potential ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upside_potential_ratio

    The upside-potential ratio is a measure of a return of an investment asset relative to the minimal acceptable return. The measurement allows a firm or individual to choose investments which have had relatively good upside performance, per unit of downside risk .

  7. What is negative equity? A guide to underwater mortgages - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/negative-equity-guide...

    Negative equity is sometimes referred to as being underwater or upside-down on a mortgage. Home Equity For example, let’s say that your current mortgage loan balance is $360,000.

  8. Risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk

    Firefighters are exposed to risks of fire and building collapse during their work.. In simple terms, risk is the possibility of something bad happening. [1] Risk involves uncertainty about the effects/implications of an activity with respect to something that humans value (such as health, well-being, wealth, property or the environment), often focusing on negative, undesirable consequences. [2]

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    Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!