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Rapid urease test, also known as the CLO test (Campylobacter-like organism test), is a rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. [1] The basis of the test is the ability of H. pylori to secrete the urease enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Confocal endoscopy, or confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), is a modern imaging technique that allows the examination of real-time microscopic and histological features inside the body. In the word "endomicroscopy", endo- means "within" and -skopein means "to view or observe".
In its most basic use, the endoscope is used to inspect the internal anatomy of the digestive tract. Often inspection alone is sufficient, but biopsy is a valuable adjunct to endoscopy. Small biopsies can be made with a pincer (biopsy forceps) which is passed through the scope and allows sampling of 1 to 3 mm pieces of tissue under direct ...
Patients swallow urea labelled with an uncommon isotope, either radioactive carbon-14 (nowadays preferred in many countries) or non-radioactive carbon-13.In the subsequent 10–30 minutes, the detection of isotope-labelled carbon dioxide in exhaled breath indicates that the urea was split; this indicates that urease (the enzyme that H. pylori uses to metabolize urea to produce ammonia) is ...
While the diagnosis of lymphocytic esophagitis depends on the biopsy results, certain changes can be visualized directly at the time of endoscopy. The esophagus may be narrow in calibre, [5] may show multiple rings, [5] redness, [5] linear furrows [1] or the mucosal lining may slide demonstrating a "crepe-paper" appearance. [1]
3–7% of people having duodenal biopsy Duodenal lymphocytosis , sometimes called lymphocytic duodenitis , lymphocytic duodenosis , or duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis , is a condition where an increased number of intra-epithelial lymphocytes is seen in biopsies of the duodenal mucosa when these are examined microscopically.
The most effective diagnostic tool for CMV is endoscopy with biopsy. Generally on inspection of the esophagus large punched out lesions are seen in the middle part of the esophagus. Further histological evaluation of the lesions demonstrates enlarged cells in the sub-epithelial layer with inclusions within the cell's nucleus and its cytoplasm ...
Endoscopy may be used to investigate symptoms in the digestive system including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, and gastrointestinal bleeding. [6] It is also used in diagnosis, most commonly by performing a biopsy to check for conditions such as anemia , bleeding, inflammation , and cancers of the digestive system . [ 6 ]