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Bacterial RNA polymerase, a relative of RNA Polymerase II, switches between inactivated and activated states by translocating back and forth along the DNA. [23] Concentrations of [NTP] eq = 10 μM GTP, 10 μM UTP, 5 μM ATP and 2.5 μM CTP, produce a mean elongation rate, turnover number, of ~1 bp (NTP) −1 for bacterial RNAP, a relative of ...
Figure 2. Mechanism for transcription initiation at the TATA box. Transcription factors, TATA binding protein (TBP), and RNA polymerase II are all recruited to begin transcription. The TATA box is a component of the eukaryotic core promoter and generally contains the consensus sequence 5'-TATA(A/T)A(A/T)-3'. [3]
The 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Roger D. Kornberg for creating detailed molecular images of RNA polymerase during various stages of the transcription process. [3] [4] In most prokaryotes, a single RNA polymerase species transcribes all types of RNA.
RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters of protein-coding genes in living cells. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It consists of RNA polymerase II , a subset of general transcription factors , and regulatory proteins known as SRB proteins [ clarification needed ] .
RNA polymerase is composed of a core and a holoenzyme structure. The core enzymes contains the catalytic properties of RNA polymerase and is made up of ββ′α2ω subunits. This sequence is conserved across all bacterial species. The holoenzyme is composed of a specific component known as the sigma factor (σ-factor). The sigma factor ...
229906 Ensembl ENSG00000137947 ENSMUSG00000028271 UniProt Q00403 P62915 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001514 NM_145546 RefSeq (protein) NP_001505 NP_663521 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 88.85 – 88.89 Mb Chr 3: 142.47 – 142.49 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Transcription factor II B (TFIIB) is a general transcription factor that is involved in the formation of the RNA polymerase II ...
RNA is similar to DNA, except that RNA contains uracil, instead of thymine, which forms a base pair with adenine. An important region for the activity of gene repression and expression found in RNA is the 3' untranslated region. This is a region on the 3' terminus of RNA that will not be translated to protein but includes many regulatory regions.
RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes small non-coding RNAs, including tRNAs, 5S rRNA, U6 snRNA, SRP RNA, and other stable short RNAs such as ribonuclease P RNA. [ 7 ] Structure of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (light blue) in complex with α-amanitin (red), a strong poison found in death cap mushrooms that targets this vital enzyme