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Effect of acid rain on statues Acid rain and weathering. Acid rain can damage buildings, historic monuments, and statues, especially those made of rocks, such as limestone and marble, that contain large amounts of calcium carbonate. Acids in the rain react with the calcium compounds in the stones to create gypsum, which then flakes off.
According to Kipper, acid rain can be particularly harmful to bronze sculptures, because the main component is usually sulfides, or sulfuric acid, which can harm patinas and the bronze surfaces causing streaking to occur on the surface. [1] Many different effects can occur on a sculpture due to being in an outdoor environment.
Harvard wraps the Bixi statue and other outdoor arts during the winters to protect them from harmful acid rain and snow. [ 8 ] Due to acid rain and severe weathering, many of the inscriptions on the stele have become illegible.
Concrete damaged by acid rain. Buildings made of any stone, brick or concrete are susceptible to the same weathering agents as any exposed rock surface. Also statues, monuments and ornamental stonework can be badly damaged by natural weathering processes. This is accelerated in areas severely affected by acid rain. [53]
Since 1998, Harvard University wraps some of the valuable statues on its campus, such as this "Chinese stele", with waterproof covers every winter, in order to protect them from erosion caused by acid rain. [10]
Environmental threats may include, but are not limited to rain, snow, acid rain, and earthquakes as well as fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity. They may also be exposed to excessive amounts of light as well as human intervention. Excessive rain and moisture can also lead to mold growth.
International attention to the Statue of Liberty's poor state was called upon the restoration of similarly-built Aimé Millet's Vercingétorix statue in eastern France. [1] Much of the Statue of Liberty restoration effort was based on unprecedented restorative methods, as metallurgical repair work on such a large scale had never been attempted.
Outdoor marble statues, gravestones, or other marble structures are damaged by acid rain whether by carbonation, sulfation or the formation of "black-crust" (accumulation of calcium sulphate, nitrates and carbon particles). [10] Vinegar and other acidic solutions should be avoided in the cleaning of marble products.