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The original PSS consists of 14 items that are purported to form a unidimensional scale of global perceived stress. [1] Although scores on the 14-item PSS tend to exhibit good reliability estimates across the literature, four of the items tend to perform poorly when evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. [26]
The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) – The PSS is a widely used subjective tool for measuring stress levels. [53] It consists of 10 questions, and asks participants to rate, on a five-point scale, how stressed they felt after a certain event. All 10 questions are summed to obtain a total score from 0 to 40. [54]
Two common psychological stress tests include the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) [9] devised by American psychologist Sheldon Cohen, and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) [10] or the Holmes-Rahe Stress Scale. While the PSS is a traditional Likert scale, the SRRS assigns specific predefined numerical values to stressors.
Perceived Stress Scale, an instrument for measuring perceived stress in humans; Porcine stress syndrome, a condition in pigs; Portosystemic shunt, a disease found in humans, cats and dogs; Progressive systemic sclerosis, a rare chronic disease; Psychosocial short stature, a growth disorder that is caused by extreme stress
The Holmes and Rahe stress scale (/ r eɪ /), [1] also known as the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, is a list of 43 stressful life events that can contribute to illness.The test works via a point accumulation score which then gives an assessment of risk.
The following diagnostic systems and rating scales are used in psychiatry and clinical psychology.This list is by no means exhaustive or complete. For instance, in the category of depression, there are over two dozen depression rating scales that have been developed in the past eighty years.
The Holmes and Rahe stress scale was developed as a method of assessing the risk of disease from life changes. [25] The scale lists both positive and negative changes that elicit stress. These include things such as a major holiday or marriage, or death of a spouse and firing from a job. [citation needed]
The CD-RISC was created to improve on existing measures of resilience (e.g., hardiness or perceived stress). Existing scales of resilience were considered inadequate because they lacked generalizability. [1] With this in mind, the CD-RISC was tested using a variety of populations to increase the generalizability of the measure.