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Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand). Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism ...
The tac promoter finds various applications. The tac promoter/operator (dubbed PTAC) is one of the most widely used expression systems. Ptac is a strong hybrid promoter composed of the –35 region of the trp promoter and the –10 region of the lacUV5 promoter/operator. The expression of PTAC is repressed by the lacI protein.
The promoter initiates the transcription and is therefore the point of control for the expression of the cloned gene. The promoters used in expression vector are normally inducible, meaning that protein synthesis is only initiated when required by the introduction of an inducer such as IPTG. Gene expression however may also be constitutive (i.e ...
6667 20683 Ensembl ENSG00000185591 ENSMUSG00000001280 UniProt P08047 O89090 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001251825 NM_003109 NM_138473 NM_013672 RefSeq (protein) NP_001238754 NP_003100 NP_612482 NP_038700 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 53.38 – 53.42 Mb Chr 15: 102.31 – 102.34 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Transcription factor Sp1, also known as specificity protein 1* is a protein ...
After being produced, the stability and distribution of the different transcripts is regulated (post-transcriptional regulation) by means of RNA binding protein (RBP) that control the various steps and rates controlling events such as alternative splicing, nuclear degradation (), processing, nuclear export (three alternative pathways), sequestration in P-bodies for storage or degradation and ...
Transcription preinitiation complex, represented by the central cluster of proteins, causes RNA polymerase to bind to target DNA site. The PIC is able to bind both the promoter sequence near the gene to be transcribed and an enhancer sequence in a different part of the genome, allowing enhancer sequences to regulate a gene distant from it.
The measure of the promoter activity has a broad meaning. The promoter activity could be measured for different situations or research questions, [4] such as: estimation of the level of expression in comparison (relative) to some known value; how fast a gene is expressed after induction; the timing of expression relative to others genes
Substances that increase reaction rate are called promoters. For example, the presence of alkali metals in ammonia synthesis increases the rate of N 2 dissociation. [23] The presence of poisons and promoters can alter the activation energy of the rate-limiting step and affect a catalyst's selectivity for the formation of certain products ...