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Diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on the history and clinical appearance. The differential diagnosis includes other oral white lesions such as Leukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma, oral candidiasis, lichen planus, white sponge nevus and contact stomatitis. [7] In contrast to pseudomembraneous candidiasis, this white patch cannot be wiped off. [7]
Verrucous leukoplakias are usually heavily keratinized and are often seen in elderly people. Some verrucous leukoplakias may have an exophytic growth pattern, [2] and some may slowly invade surrounding mucosa, when the term proliferative verrucous leukoplakia may be used. Non-homogeneous leukoplakias have a greater risk of cancerous changes ...
Odontogenic keratocysts have a diagnostic histological appearance. Under the microscope, OKCs vaguely resemble keratinized squamous epithelium; [15] however, they lack rete ridges and often have an artifactual separation from their basement membrane. [2] The fibrous wall of the cyst is usually thin and uninflamed.
Oral cancer, also known as oral cavity cancer, tongue cancer or mouth cancer, is a cancer of the lining of the lips, mouth, or upper throat. [6] In the mouth, it most commonly starts as a painless red or white patch , that thickens, gets ulcerated and continues to grow.
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF), also known as idiopathic gingival hyperplasia, is a rare condition of gingival overgrowth. [1] HGF is characterized as a benign, slowly progressive, nonhemorrhagic, fibrous enlargement of keratinized gingiva. It can cover teeth in various degrees, and can lead to aesthetic disfigurement. [2]
Stomatitis nicotina is a diffuse white patch on the hard palate, usually caused by tobacco smoking, usually pipe or cigar smoking. [2] It is painless, [4] and it is caused by a response of the palatal oral mucosa to chronic heat.
Non-keratinized squamous epithelium, including cornea and transitional epithelium [6] Cytokeratin 7: A subgroup of glandular epithelia and their tumors [6] Transitional epithelium and transitional carcinoma [6] Cytokeratin 8: Glandular epithelia of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital tracts, both endocrine and exocrine cells, as well as ...
Keratinized squamous epithelium is present in the gingiva and hard palate as well as areas of the dorsal surface of the tongue. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Keratinization is the differentiation of keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum into nonvital surface cells or squames to form the stratum corneum.