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Addition of chloride ions to a suspension of PbCl 2 gives rise to soluble complex ions. In these reactions the additional chloride (or other ligands) break up the chloride bridges that comprise the polymeric framework of solid PbCl 2(s). PbCl 2(s) + Cl − → [PbCl 3] − (aq) PbCl 2(s) + 2 Cl − → [PbCl 4] 2− (aq) PbCl 2 reacts with ...
It is then converted to the ammonium salt (NH 4) 2 PbCl 6 by adding ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl). Finally, the solution is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4, to separate out lead tetrachloride. This series of reactions is conducted at 0 °C. The following equations illustrate the reaction: PbCl 2 + 2HCl + Cl 2 → H 2 PbCl 6
The compounds are almost insoluble in water, weak acids, and (NH 4) 2 S/(NH 4) 2 S 2 solution is the key for separation of lead from analytical groups I to III elements, tin, arsenic, and antimony. The compounds dissolve in nitric and hydrochloric acids, to give elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide, respectively. [ 7 ]
The lead compounds were first fused, and the product then ground to fine powder. The powder was then suspended in drying oils (e.g. linseed), to produce e.g. Pattinson's white (PbCl 2 2Pb(OH) 2) or Turner's yellow (PbCl 2 5-7PbO). Turner's yellow is also known as Patent yellow, Cassel yellow, Montpelier yellow, Kassler yellow, mineral yellow ...
4 Pb + HCl → R 3 PbCl + RH R 4 Pb + SO 2 → R 3 PbO(SO)R R 3 PbCl + 1/2Ag 2 O (aq) → R 3 PbOH + AgCl R 2 PbCl 2 + 2 OH − → R 2 Pb(OH) 2 + 2 Cl −. R 2 Pb(OH) 2 compounds are amphoteric. At pH lower than 8 they form R 2 Pb 2+ ions and with pH higher than 10, R 2 Pb(OH) 3 − ions. Derived from the hydroxides are the plumboxanes: 2 R 3 ...
PbCl 2, PbBr 2 and PbI 2 are commonly used to produce donor centers. Other n-type doping agents such as Bi 2 Te 3 , TaTe 2 , MnTe 2 , will substitute for Pb and create uncharged vacant Pb-sites. These vacant sites are subsequently filled by atoms from the lead excess and the valence electrons of these vacant atoms will diffuse through crystal.
Addition of hydrogen sulfide or sulfide salts to a solution containing a lead salt, such as PbCl 2, gives a black precipitate of lead sulfide. Pb 2+ + H 2 S → PbS↓ + 2 H + This reaction is used in qualitative inorganic analysis. The presence of hydrogen sulfide or sulfide ions may be tested using "lead acetate paper."
Phosgenite is a rare mineral consisting of lead carbonate chloride, (PbCl) 2 CO 3. The tetragonal crystals are prismatic or tabular in habit: they are usually colorless and transparent, and have a brilliant adamantine lustre. Sometimes the crystals have a curious helical twist about the tetrad or principal axis. The hardness is 3 and the ...