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Drinking water quality standards describes the quality parameters set for drinking water. Water may contain many harmful constituents, yet there are no universally recognized and accepted international standards for drinking water. Even where standards do exist, the permitted concentration of individual constituents may vary by as much as ten ...
When an acid is dissolved in water, the pH will be less than 7, while a base, or alkali, will have a pH greater than 7. A strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid , at concentration 1 mol dm −3 has a pH of 0, while a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide , at the same concentration, has a pH of 14.
Pure water has a pH close to 7 (neither alkaline nor acidic). Sea water can have pH values that range from 7.5 to 8.4 (moderately alkaline). Fresh water can have widely ranging pH values depending on the geology of the drainage basin or aquifer and the influence of contaminant inputs .
The pH of drinking water has a threshold value of 6.5–9.5. pH values outside the neutral range (pH 6.5–7.5) are considered critical as they indicate the corrosion behavior of water. Slightly acidic water (pH 4–6.5) tends to corrode galvanized iron pipes, as well as copper and asbestos cement pipes, [ 6 ] in a process known as acid corrosion.
3] have become converted to carbonic acid [H 2 CO 3] at this pH. This pH is also called the CO 2 equivalence point where the major component in water is dissolved CO 2 which is converted to H 2 CO 3 in an aqueous solution. There are no strong acids or bases at this point.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published [when?] regulation of water quality in the section of ICS 13.060, [57] ranging from water sampling, drinking water, industrial class water, sewage, and examination of water for chemical, physical or biological properties. ICS 91.140.60 covers the standards of water supply systems.