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Iron Age Roman. Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa: Earlier Stone Age Middle Stone Age Later Stone Age Neolithic c. 4000 BCE Bronze Age (3500 – 600 BCE) Iron Age (550 BC – 700 CE) Classic Middle Ages (c. 700 – 1700 CE) Asia Near East Levantine: Stone Age (2,000,000 – 3300 BCE) Bronze Age (3300 – 1200 BCE) Iron Age (1200 – 586 BCE)
An age is defined through comparison of contemporaneous events. Increasingly, [citation needed] the terminology of archaeology is parallel to that of historical method. An event is "undocumented" until it turns up in the archaeological record. Fossils and artifacts are "documents" of the epochs hypothesized.
An artifact [a] or artefact (British English) is a general term for an item made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art, especially an object of archaeological interest. [1] In archaeology , the word has become a term of particular nuance; it is defined as an object recovered by archaeological endeavor, including cultural ...
Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-facts) and cultural landscapes (the archaeological record).
The phrase prehistoric archaeology did not officially become an English archaeological term until 1836, [7] and further, the common three-age system coined by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen which classifies European prehistoric chronology was also invented during this year. [8] Biface handaxe found by Boucher de Perthes
Helladic chronology is a relative dating system used in archaeology and art history.It complements the Minoan chronology scheme devised by Sir Arthur Evans for the categorisation of Bronze Age artefacts from the Minoan civilization within a historical framework.
Archaeologists also found over 70 artifacts inside the tomb. Photos show some of these treasures, including an iron sword, bronze mirrors and stacks of several different types of pottery.
One of the most enduring classifications of archaeological periods and cultures was established in Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips' 1958 book, Method and Theory in American Archaeology. They divided the archaeological record in the Americas into five phases, only three of which applied to North America. [ 1 ]