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The ball-and-socket joint (or spheroid joint) is a type of synovial joint in which the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone. The distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center. This enables the joint to move in many directions.
A multiaxial joint (polyaxial joint or triaxial joint) is a synovial joint that allows for several directions of movement. [9] In the human body, the shoulder and hip joints are multiaxial joints. [10] They allow the upper or lower limb to move in an anterior-posterior direction and a medial-lateral direction.
Synovial joints, joints that are not directly joined, are lubricated by a solution called synovial fluid that is produced by the synovial membranes. This fluid lowers the friction between the articular surfaces and is kept within an articular capsule , binding the joint with its taut tissue.
Synovial fluid, also called synovia, is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. With its egg white –like consistency, [ 1 ] the principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement. [ 2 ]
The knee joints and ankle joints are less typical, as they allow a slight degree of rotation or side-to-side movement in certain positions of the limb. The knee is the largest hinge joint in the human body. Hinge and pivot joints are both types of synovial joint. A hinge joint can be considered a modified sellar/saddle joint, with reduced ...
The synovial membrane (also known as the synovial stratum, synovium or stratum synoviale) is a specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints, tendon sheaths, and synovial bursas. [1] [2] It makes direct contact with the fibrous membrane on the outside surface and with the synovial fluid lubricant on ...
an inner (synovial membrane, synovial stratum) which is a secreting layer; On the inside of the capsule, articular cartilage covers the end surfaces of the bones that articulate within that joint. The outer layer is highly innervated by the same nerves which perforate through the adjacent muscles associated with the joint.
The shoulder girdle is a complex of 5 joints that can be divided into two groups. 3 of these joints are true anatomical joints, while 2 are physiological ("false") joints. [explain 1] Within each group, the joints are mechanically linked so that both groups simultaneously contribute to the different movements of the shoulder to variable degrees.