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HTTP/3 is the third major version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol used to exchange information on the World Wide Web, complementing the widely-deployed HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2. Unlike previous versions which relied on the well-established TCP (published in 1974), [ 2 ] HTTP/3 uses QUIC (officially introduced in 2021), [ 3 ] a multiplexed ...
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IPv4 networks to establish multicast group memberships. IGMP is an integral part of IP multicast and allows the network to direct multicast transmissions only to hosts that have requested them.
1 0x7E, the beginning of a PPP frame Address 1 0xFF, standard broadcast address Control 1 0x03, unnumbered data Protocol 2 PPP ID of embedded data Information variable (0 or more) datagram Padding variable (0 or more) optional padding Frame Check Sequence 2 frame checksum Flag 1 0x7E, omitted for successive PPP packets
An often-used analogy to explain the DNS is that it serves as the phone book for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. For example, the hostname www.example.com within the domain name example.com translates to the addresses 93.184.216.34 and 2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946 . The DNS can be quickly ...
This field specifies the network link protocol type. [1] In this example, a value of 1 indicates Ethernet. Protocol Type (PTYPE): 16 bits This field specifies the internetwork protocol for which the ARP request is intended. For IPv4, this has the value 0x0800. The permitted PTYPE values share a numbering space with those for EtherType. [1] [2]
For example, in the IP suite, the contents of a web page are encapsulated with an HTTP header, then by a TCP header, an IP header, and, finally, by a frame header and trailer. The frame is forwarded to the destination node as a stream of bits, where it is decapsulated into the respective PDUs and interpreted at each layer by the receiving node. [8]
The Cache-Control: no-cache HTTP/1.1 header field is also intended for use in requests made by the client. It is a means for the browser to tell the server and any intermediate caches that it wants a fresh version of the resource. The Pragma: no-cache header field, defined in the HTTP/1.0 spec, has the same purpose. It, however, is only defined ...
A Name Authority Pointer (NAPTR) is a type of resource record in the Domain Name System of the Internet. [1] [2]NAPTR records are most commonly used for applications in Internet telephony, for example, in the mapping of servers and user addresses in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).