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  2. Distribution (pharmacology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(pharmacology)

    Distribution in pharmacology is a branch of pharmacokinetics which describes the reversible transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body.. Once a drug enters into systemic circulation by absorption or direct administration, it must be distributed into interstitial and intracellular fluids.

  3. Ergogenic use of anabolic steroids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergogenic_use_of_anabolic...

    The same act also introduced more stringent controls with higher criminal penalties for offenses involving the illegal distribution of anabolic steroids and human growth hormone. By the early 1990s, after non-medical use of anabolic steroids was criminalized in the U.S., several pharmaceutical companies stopped manufacturing or marketing the ...

  4. Route of administration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration

    Routes of administration are usually classified by application location (or exposition). The route or course the active substance takes from application location to the location where it has its target effect is usually rather a matter of pharmacokinetics (concerning the processes of uptake, distribution, and elimination of drugs).

  5. Arnold Schwarzenegger has spoken out about his history with drug use, with the actor encouraging bodybuilders not to use steroids.. The 75-year-old reflected on his days as a bodybuilder during a ...

  6. Pharmacokinetics of testosterone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacokinetics_of...

    The bioavailability of drugs that are administered intramuscularly is generally almost 95%. [ 73 ] As oil solutions by intramuscular injection, the elimination half-lives of testosterone esters are 0.8 days for testosterone propionate, 4.5 days for testosterone enanthate, 20.9 days (in tea seed oil ) and 33.9 days (in caster oil ) for ...

  7. Drug metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_metabolism

    Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as any drug ...

  8. Glucuronidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucuronidation

    Main drugs or compounds affected [5] Age: Infant: ↑: Chloramphenicol, morphine, paracetamol, bilirubin, steroids Elderly: ↑ or unchanged: No change found for paracetamol, oxazepam, temazepam, or propranolol. Decreased clearance found for codeine-6-glucuronide, and decreased unbound clearance for oxazepam in the very elderly. Sex: Females: ↓

  9. Anabolic steroid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolic_steroid

    It has been hypothesized that this reduction in muscle breakdown may occur through AAS inhibiting the action of other steroid hormones called glucocorticoids that promote the breakdown of muscles. [64] AAS also affect the number of cells that develop into fat-storage cells, by favouring cellular differentiation into muscle cells instead. [135]