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The Copper, Bronze, and Iron Ages are also known collectively as the Metal Ages. [3] [4] In history, archaeology and physical anthropology, the three-age system is a methodological concept adopted during the 19th century according to which artefacts and events of late prehistory and early history could be broadly ordered into a recognizable ...
The Iron Age (c. 1200 – c. 550 BC) is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age. [1] It has also been considered as the final age of the three-age division starting with prehistory (before recorded history) and progressing to protohistory (before written history).
Chalcolithic (or "Eneolithic", "Copper Age") Ancient history (The Bronze and Iron Ages are not part of prehistory for all regions and civilizations who had adopted or developed a writing system.) Bronze Age; Iron Age; Late Middle Ages. Renaissance; Early modern history; Modern history. Industrial Age (1760–1970) Machine Age (1880–1945) Age ...
Iron Age Roman. Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa: Earlier Stone Age Middle Stone Age Later Stone Age Neolithic c. 4000 BCE Bronze Age (3500 – 600 BCE) Iron Age (550 BC – 700 CE) Classic Middle Ages (c. 700 – 1700 CE) Asia Near East Levantine: Stone Age (2,000,000 – 3300 BCE) Bronze Age (3300 – 1200 BCE) Iron Age (1200 – 586 BCE)
Copper was probably the first metal mined and crafted by humans. [8] It was originally obtained as a native metal and later from the smelting of ores. Earliest estimates of the discovery of copper suggest around 9000 BC in the Middle East. It was one of the most important materials to humans throughout the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages.
Reconstruction of Ötzi's copper axe (c. 3300 BCE). The Copper Age, also called the Eneolithic or the Chalcolithic Age, has been traditionally understood as a transitional period between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, in which a gradual introduction of the metal (native copper) took place, while stone was still the main resource utilized.
The Bronze Age in Northern Europe spans the 2nd millennium BC, (Unetice culture, Urnfield culture, Tumulus culture, Terramare culture and Lusatian culture) lasting until c. 600 BC. The Northern Bronze Age was both a period and a Bronze Age culture in Scandinavian pre-history, c. 1700–500 BC, with sites as far east as Estonia. Succeeding the ...
Bloomery smelting during the Middle Ages.. Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and its alloys.The earliest surviving prehistoric iron artifacts, from the 4th millennium BC in Egypt, [1] were made from meteoritic iron-nickel. [2]