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If placed in cell culture, most myoblasts will proliferate if enough fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or another growth factor is present in the medium surrounding the cells. When the growth factor runs out, the myoblasts cease division and undergo terminal differentiation into myotubes. Myoblast differentiation proceeds in stages.
C2C12 myotubes under light microscope, 10x magnification. C2C12 is an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line.The C2C12 cell line is a subclone of myoblasts that were originally obtained by Yaffe and Saxel at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel in 1977. [1]
A myoblast is an embryonic precursor cell that differentiates to give rise to the different muscle cell types. [20] Differentiation is regulated by myogenic regulatory factors, including MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4. [21] GATA4 and GATA6 also play a role in myocyte differentiation. [22]
MyoD, also known as myoblast determination protein 1, [5] is a protein in animals that plays a major role in regulating muscle differentiation.MyoD, which was discovered in the laboratory of Harold M. Weintraub, [6] belongs to a family of proteins known as myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). [7]
Myosatellite cells, also known as satellite cells, muscle stem cells or MuSCs, are small multipotent cells with very little cytoplasm found in mature muscle. [1] Satellite cells are precursors to skeletal muscle cells, able to give rise to satellite cells or differentiated skeletal muscle cells. [ 2 ]
During development, myoblasts (muscle progenitor cells) either remain in the somite to form muscles associated with the vertebral column or migrate out into the body to form all other muscles. Myoblast migration is preceded by the formation of connective tissue frameworks, usually formed from the somatic lateral plate mesoderm. Myoblasts follow ...
miR-206 is studied in C2C12 myoblast cells as this is a widely used model for the study of cellular differentiation of skeletal muscle. [5] The biogenesis of miR-206 is unique in that the primary mature transcript is generated from the 3p arm of the precursor microRNA hairpin rather than the 5p arm. [6]
The four MRFs have four distinct expression profiles, though with some redundancy, as MyoD and Myf5 are both involved in myoblast determination, and are followed by the activation of Myf6 (MRF4) and Myog in myoblast differentiation. [4]