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Spastic hypertonia involves uncontrollable muscle spasms, stiffening or straightening out of muscles, shock-like contractions of all or part of a group of muscles, and abnormal muscle tone. It is seen in disorders such as cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord injury. Rigidity is a severe state of hypertonia where muscle resistance occurs ...
Rigid spine syndrome, also known as congenital muscular dystrophy with rigidity of the spine (CMARS), is a rare and often debilitating neuromuscular disorder. It is characterized by progressive muscle stiffness and rigidity, particularly in the spine, which can severely limit mobility and impact quality of life. This condition is typically ...
Hypokinesia is characterized by a partial or complete loss of muscle movement due to a disruption in the basal ganglia. [citation needed] Hypokinesia is a symptom of Parkinson's disease shown as muscle rigidity and an inability to produce movement. It is also associated with mental health disorders and prolonged inactivity due to illness ...
Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) [4] Muscle stiffness and contraction can cause abnormal resting postures. Around 70% of those with SPS have the "classic" form of the disease. [5] People with classic SPS typically first experience intermittent tightness or aching in the muscles of the trunk. [6]
Hypokinetic movement disorders fall into one of four subcategories: akinesia (lack of movement), hypokinesia (reduced amplitude of movements), bradykinesia (slow movement), and rigidity. In primary movement disorders, the abnormal movement is the primary manifestation of the disorder.
Since it is difficult to measure extrapyramidal symptoms, rating scales are commonly used to assess the severity of movement disorders. The Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) are rating scales frequently used for such assessment and are not weighted for diagnostic purposes ...
Rigidity is characterized by an increased muscle tone (an excessive and continuous contraction of the muscles) which produces stiffness and resistance to movement in joints. [1] Rigidity may be associated with joint pain, with such pain being a frequent initial manifestation of the disease. [1]
Spasticity can be differentiated from rigidity with the help of simple clinical examination, as rigidity is a uniform increase in the tone of agonist and antagonist muscles which is not related to the velocity at which the movement is performed passively and remains the same throughout the range of movement while spasticity is a velocity ...