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Angle notation can easily describe leading and lagging current: . [1] In this equation, the value of theta is the important factor for leading and lagging current. As mentioned in the introduction above, leading or lagging current represents a time shift between the current and voltage sine curves, which is represented by the angle by which the curve is ahead or behind of where it would be ...
For example, economists have found that in some circumstances there is a lead-lag effect between large-capitalization and small-capitalization stock-portfolio prices. [2] (A loosely related concept is that of lead-lag compensators in control theory, but this is not generally referred to specifically as a "lead-lag effect.") [citation needed]
A lead–lag compensator is a component in a control system that improves an undesirable frequency response in a feedback and control system. ... For example ...
Lead compensation. Whereas dominant pole compensation places or moves poles in the open loop response, lead compensation places a zero [c] in the open loop response to cancel one of the existing poles. Lead–lag compensation places both a zero and a pole in the open loop response, with the pole usually being at an open loop gain of less than one.
Usually, it is done by conditioning the input or the output to that system. There are three types of compensators: lag, lead and lag-lead compensators. Adjusting a control system in order to improve its performance might lead to unexpected behaviour (e.g., poor stability or even instability by increasing the gain value).
Lead time bias happens when survival time appears longer because diagnosis was done earlier (for instance, by screening), irrespective of whether the patient lived longer. Lead time is the duration of time between the detection of a disease (by screening or based on new experimental criteria) and its usual clinical presentation and diagnosis ...
A change in exchange rates can be a cause of loss (or gain) in international trade. For example, now, we suppose that the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate is 1.00 (€1.00 buys one dollar). In addition, we suppose that an importer of U.S. buys goods for €1000 from a European exporter and the U.S. importer will pay the money 1 month later.
The line of latitude is the maximum lead or lag a compass will have. The following explanations are for the northern hemisphere. For example, an aircraft flying at 45°N latitude making a turn to north from east or west maintaining a standard rate turn a pilot would need to roll out of the turn when the compass was 45 degrees plus one half of ...