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[2] [3] Binocular cues include retinal disparity, which exploits parallax and vergence. Stereopsis is made possible with binocular vision. Monocular cues include relative size (distant objects subtend smaller visual angles than near objects), texture gradient, occlusion, linear perspective, contrast differences, and motion parallax. [4]
Monocular vision is known as seeing and using only one eye in the human species. Depth perception in monocular vision is reduced compared to binocular vision, but still is active primarily due to accommodation of the eye and motion parallax. The word monocular comes from the Greek root, mono for single, and the Latin root, oculus for eye.
Galilean type Soviet-made miniature 2.5 × 17.5 monocular Diagram of a monocular using a Schmidt-Pechan prism: 1 – Objective lens 2 – Schmidt-Pechan prism 3 – Eyepiece. A monocular is a compact refracting telescope used to magnify images of distant objects, typically using an optical prism to ensure an erect image, instead of using relay lenses like most telescopic sights.
There are indications that the brain uses various cues, in particular temporal changes in disparity as well as monocular velocity ratios, for producing a sensation of motion in depth. [15] Two different binocular cues of the perception motion in depth are hypothesized: Inter-ocular velocity difference (IOVD) and changing disparity (CD) over time.
How the brain combines different cues, including stereo cues, motion cues (both temporal changes in disparity and monocular velocity ratios [8]), vergence angle and monocular cues for sensing motion in depth and 3D object position is an area of active research in vision science and neighboring disciplines. [9] [10] [11]
An example of monocular portrait images of human faces that have been converted to create a moving 3D photo using depth estimation via Machine Learning using TensorFlow.js [3] in the browser With advances in machine learning and computer vision, [ 3 ] it is now also possible to recreate this effect using a single monocular image as an input.
Individuals have been found to integrate the various stimuli, for example stereoscopic cues and motion occlusion, in different ways. [ 18 ] How the brain combines the different cues – including stereo, motion, vergence angle and monocular cues – for sensing motion in depth and 3D object position is an area of active research in vision ...
In film, photography and art, perceived object distance is manipulated by altering fundamental monocular cues used to discern the depth of an object in the scene such as aerial perspective, blurring, relative size and lighting. [12] Using these monocular cues in concert with angular size, the eyes can perceive the distance of an object. Artists ...