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Laboratory glassware is a variety of equipment used in scientific work, traditionally made of glass. Glass may be blown, bent, cut, molded, or formed into many sizes and shapes. It is commonly used in chemistry, biology, and analytical laboratories.
A separatory funnel, also known as a separation funnel, separating funnel, or colloquially sep funnel, is a piece of laboratory glassware used in liquid-liquid extractions to separate (partition) the components of a mixture into two immiscible solvent phases of different densities. [1]
The structure of glasses differs from the structure of liquids just above the glass transition temperature T g which is revealed by the XRD analysis [10] and high-precision measurements of third- and fifth-order non-linear dielectric susceptibilities. [11] Glasses are generally characterised by a higher degree of connectivity compared liquids. [12]
Skeletal structural formula of Vitamin B 12.Many organic molecules are too complicated to be specified by a molecular formula.. The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are connected to one another. [1]
The Snyder column is a wide glass tube divided into sections (usually 3 to 6) by horizontal glass partitions or constrictions. Each partition has a hole, into which seats a hollow glass bead with an inverted "teardrop" shape. Vigreux-like glass "fingers" limit the vertical motion of each bead. [24]
An evaporating dish is a piece of laboratory glassware used for the evaporation of solutions and supernatant liquids, [a] and sometimes to their melting point.Evaporating dishes are used to evaporate excess solvents – most commonly water – to produce a concentrated solution or a solid precipitate of the dissolved substance.
This type has a tube at the bottom of the collection vessel to allow the organic solvent at the bottom to flow back into the reaction vessel. The water generated during the reaction floats on top of the organic phase. The entire volume must be drained to remove the water and the organic layer can be separated to be returned to the system.