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Imipramine is a tertiary TCA, and is a potent inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, and to a greater extent than secondary amine TCAs such as nortriptyline and despiramine. [45] Norepinephrine: strong reuptake inhibition. Desipramine has more affinity to norepinephrine transporter than imipramine. Dopamine: imipramine blocks D 2 receptors. [46]
Nortriptyline may cause problems if taken during pregnancy. [8] Use during breastfeeding appears to be relatively safe. [7] It is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) and is believed to work by altering levels of serotonin and norepinephrine. [8] Nortriptyline was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964. [8]
Heterocyclic antidepressants inhibit the nerve cells' ability to reuptake norepinephrine and serotonin. This group of drugs, once the mainstay of treatment, include: Tricyclic antidepressants; Tetracyclic antidepressants; Tiazesim, an old antidepressant that is tricyclic and heterocyclic.
Actions of imipramine-like tricyclic antidepressants have complex, secondary adaptions to their initial and sustained actions as inhibitors of norepinephrine transport and variable blockade of serotonin transport. Norepinephrine interacts with postsynaptic α and β adrenergic receptor subtypes and presynaptic α 2 autoreceptors.
The TCAs are used primarily in the clinical treatment of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, and treatment-resistant variants. They are also used in the treatment of a number of other medical disorders, including cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) and anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia (SP) also known as social anxiety ...
Clomipramine, sold under the brand name Anafranil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). [7] It is used in the treatment of various conditions, most notably obsessive–compulsive disorder but also many other disorders, including hyperacusis, panic disorder, major depressive disorder, trichotillomania, [8] body dysmorphic disorder [9] [10] [11] and chronic pain. [7]
Desipramine, sold under the brand name Norpramin among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used in the treatment of depression. [8] It acts as a relatively selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, though it does also have other activities such as weak serotonin reuptake inhibitory, α 1-blocking, antihistamine, and anticholinergic effects.
Opipramol should only be prescribed during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester, for compelling indication. It should not be used during lactation and breastfeeding , since it passes into breast milk in small quantities.