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The Kartvelian languages (/ k ɑːr t ˈ v ɛ l i ə n,-ˈ v iː l-/ kart-VEL-ee-ən, - VEEL-; Georgian: ქართველური ენები, romanized: kartveluri enebi; also known as South Caucasian, Kartvelic, and Iberian languages [1]) are a language family indigenous to the South Caucasus and spoken primarily in Georgia.
Georgian (ქართული ენა, kartuli ena, pronounced [ˈkʰartʰuli ˈena]) is the most widely spoken Kartvelian language.It is the official language of Georgia and the native or primary language of 88% of its population. [2]
The Svan language forms the other branch of the Kartvelian family, showing characteristic differences from the Karto-Zan group. [2] It has been hypothesized that the divergence between Svan and Proto-Kartvelian goes back as far as the 19th century BC. Georgian and Zan on the other hand diversified from Proto-Georgian–Zan during the 7th ...
Georgian (ქართული kartuli) is a Kartvelian language spoken by about 4 million people, primarily in Georgia but also by indigenous communities in northern Turkey and Azerbaijan, and the diaspora, such as in Russia, Turkey, Iran, Europe, and North America. It is a highly standardized language, with established literary and ...
The modern descendants of Proto-Kartvelian are Georgian, Svan, Mingrelian and Laz.The ablaut patterns of Proto-Kartvelian were better preserved in Georgian and (particularly) Svan than in either Mingrelian or Laz, in which new forms have been set up so that there is a single, stable vowel in each word element.
Examples include Japanese and Georgian: Japanese is now part of the Japonic language family with the Ryukyuan languages, and Georgian is the main language in the Kartvelian language family. There is a difference between language isolates and unclassified languages , but they can be difficult to differentiate when it comes to classifying extinct ...
Proto-Georgian–Zan (also referred to as Proto-Karto-Zan) is a reconstructed language which is the common ancestor of Karto-Zan languages. [1] It is hypothesized to have diverged from Proto-Kartvelian during the 19th century BC [2] and to have split into the ancestor of the Zan languages and the Georgic languages (ancestor of Judaeo-Georgian and Georgian and dialects) around the 8th century ...
The Georgian nation was formed out of a diverse set of geographic subgroups, each with its characteristic traditions, manners, dialects and, in the case of Svans and Mingrelians, own regional languages. The Georgian language, with its own unique writing system and extensive written tradition, which goes back to the 5th century, is the official ...