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In plants, sucrose transport is distributed throughout the plant by the proton-pump where the pump creates a gradient of protons so that there are many more on one side of the membrane than the other. As the protons diffuse back across the membrane, the free energy liberated by this diffusion is used to co-transport sucrose. In mammals, glucose ...
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle.All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester) as a substrate.
Acetyl-CoA is then used in the citric acid cycle while FADH2 and NADH are sent to the electron transport chain. [8] These intermediates all end up providing energy for the body as they are ultimately converted to ATP. [8] Example of Beta Oxidation using Stearic Acid. Beta oxidation, as well as alpha-oxidation, also occurs in the peroxisome. [1]
There are several known sodium-dependent phosphate transporters found in humans. For example, the protein 2A is encoded by the solute carrier family 34, member 1 (SLC34A1) gene [7] and facilitates uptake of phosphate for normal cellular functions including cellular metabolism, signal transduction, and nucleic acid and lipid synthesis.
The Na–K–Cl cotransporter (NKCC) is a transport protein that aids in the secondary active transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride into cells. [1] In humans there are two isoforms of this membrane transport protein, NKCC1 and NKCC2, encoded by two different genes (SLC12A2 and SLC12A1 respectively). Two isoforms of the NKCC1/Slc12a2 gene ...
Comparison of transport proteins A symporter is an integral membrane protein that is involved in the transport of two (or more) different molecules across the cell membrane in the same direction. The symporter works in the plasma membrane and molecules are transported across the cell membrane at the same time, and is, therefore, a type of ...
An example of an antiporter mediated transport protein is the sodium-calcium antiporter, a transport protein involved in keeping the cytoplasmic concentration of calcium ions in the cells, low. This transport protein is an antiporter system because it transports three sodium ions across the plasma membrane in exchange for a calcium ion, which ...
In engineering, physics, and chemistry, the study of transport phenomena concerns the exchange of mass, energy, charge, momentum and angular momentum between observed and studied systems. While it draws from fields as diverse as continuum mechanics and thermodynamics , it places a heavy emphasis on the commonalities between the topics covered.