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The political systems of Imperial China can be divided into a state administrative body, provincial administrations, and a system for official selection. The three notable tendencies in the history of Chinese politics includes, the convergence of unity, the capital priority of absolute monarchy, and the standardization of official selection. [1]
The Department of State Affairs (尚 書 省, Shàngshūshěng), also known as the Imperial Secretariat, was the primary executive institution of imperial China, head of the Six Ministries, the Nine Courts, and the Three Directorates (sometimes five).
Bureaucracy (/ b j ʊəˈr ɒ k r ə s i /; bure-OK-rə-see) is a system of organization where laws or regulatory authority are implemented by civil servants, non-elected officials. [1] Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. [2]
A 15th-century portrait of the Ming official Jiang Shunfu.The cranes on his mandarin square indicate that he was a civil official of the sixth rank. A Qing photograph of a government official with mandarin square embroidered in front A European view: a mandarin travelling by boat, Baptista van Doetechum, 1604 Nguyễn Văn Tường (chữ Hán: 阮文祥, 1824–1886) was a mandarin of the ...
The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy.The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, but using written examinations as a tool of selection started in earnest during the Sui dynasty [1] (581–618), then into the Tang ...
Expansion made republican government impractical, and after the civil wars of the First Century B.C., Augustus centralized government and expanded the bureaucracy in order to administer his ...
"And the idea is that you have a permanent government or permanent bureaucracy that carries out the work of the federal government, ... that does not mean that the president, who is the head of ...
By this time, passing the Imperial Examination had become the major path for people to hold an official position in the government. With the continuous improvements and reforms of Imperial Examination, the bureaucracy completely replaced the aristocracy, and the scholar-officer's polity was completely established.