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The Red River Colony (or Selkirk Settlement), also known as Assiniboia, was a colonization project set up in 1811 by Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, on 300,000 square kilometres (120,000 sq mi) of land in British North America. This land was granted to Douglas by the Hudson's Bay Company in the Selkirk Concession.
Today, the site of Fort Douglas is located on Waterfront Drive in downtown Winnipeg, in Fort Douglas Park.As the heart of the Selkirk Settlement and the first significant structure in what is today Winnipeg's historic Exchange District, the site of the fort is the most important historical site in the district. [3]
The Red River Rebellion (French: Rébellion de la rivière Rouge), also known as the Red River Resistance, Red River uprising, or First Riel Rebellion, was the sequence of events that led up to the 1869 establishment of a provisional government by Métis leader Louis Riel and his followers at the Red River Colony, in the early stages of establishing today's Canadian province of Manitoba.
Fort Garry was established in 1822, although its first iteration was destroyed in 1826 by severe flooding. The trading post was rebuilt in 1836 and served as the administrative centre for the Red River Colony. From 1869 to 1870, the fort was briefly occupied by Louis Riel and his Métis followers during the Red River Rebellion.
Lord Selkirk signed a treaty with Chief Peguis that eventually became St. Peter’s Reserve in 1817, but Chief Peguis’s people would eventually lose the land and forced to move to the current Peguis First Nation by 1930s [4] when Selkirk’s colony became the province of Manitoba in 1870, the area then became St. Peter’s Settlement and eventually merge into Selkirk, Manitoba.
In some accounts of the history of Manitoba, the term Old Assiniboia is used to describe the pre-1870 settlement, though the terms Red River Colony, Red River Settlement and Selkirk Settlement are more common. [citation needed]
Landing of the Selkirk Settlers, Red River, 1812. In order to continue his work re-settling Scottish farmers, Selkirk asked the British government for a land grant in the Red River Valley, a part of Rupert's Land. [4] The government refused, as the Hudson's Bay Company (H.B.C.) had been granted a fur trading monopoly on that land.
The placename Winnipeg began to appear on the masthead of Red River's weekly newspaper, The Nor'Wester. By the early 1873, this settlement grew to be the main population and commercial centre in the Red River area, with business activity lining Main Street.