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  2. Hall–Héroult process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall–Héroult_process

    The density of liquid aluminum is 2.3 g/ml at temperatures between 950 and 1000 °C (1750° to 1830°F). The density of the electrolyte should be less than 2.1 g/ml, so that the molten aluminum separates from the electrolyte and settles properly to the bottom of the electrolysis cell.

  3. Aluminium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium

    In this energy-intensive process, a solution of alumina in a molten (940 and 970 °C (1,720 and 1,780 °F)) mixture of cryolite (Na 3 AlF 6) with calcium fluoride is electrolyzed to produce metallic aluminium. The liquid aluminium sinks to the bottom of the solution and is tapped off, and usually cast into large blocks called aluminium billets ...

  4. Density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density

    gram per millilitre (g/mL) tonne per cubic metre (t/m 3) Densities using the following metric units all have exactly the same numerical value, one thousandth of the value in (kg/m 3). Liquid water has a density of about 1 kg/dm 3, making any of these SI units numerically convenient to use as most solids and liquids have densities between 0.1 ...

  5. Molar mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass

    Molecular weight (M.W.) (for molecular compounds) and formula weight (F.W.) (for non-molecular compounds), are older terms for what is now more correctly called the relative molar mass (M r). [8] This is a dimensionless quantity (i.e., a pure number, without units) equal to the molar mass divided by the molar mass constant .

  6. Mass fraction (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_fraction_(chemistry)

    Mass fraction can also be expressed, with a denominator of 100, as percentage by mass (in commercial contexts often called percentage by weight, abbreviated wt.% or % w/w; see mass versus weight). It is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture in a dimensionless size ; mole fraction (percentage by moles , mol%) and volume fraction ...

  7. Relative density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_density

    The weight of the displaced liquid can then be determined, and hence the relative density of the powder. A gas pycnometer , the gas-based manifestation of a pycnometer, compares the change in pressure caused by a measured change in a closed volume containing a reference (usually a steel sphere of known volume) with the change in pressure caused ...

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  9. Densities of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densities_of_the_elements...

    13 Al aluminium; use: 2.375 g/cm 3: CR2 ... formula weight = 222 Notes ... "The Observed Properties of Liquid Helium at the Saturated Vapor Pressure".