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Pharaoh (/ ˈ f ɛər oʊ /, US also / ˈ f eɪ. r oʊ /; [4] Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; [note 1] Coptic: ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ, romanized: Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: פַּרְעֹה Parʿō) [5] is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BCE) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE. [6]
(see Roman Egypt, Roman pharaoh and List of Roman dynasties) The 31 pre-Ptolemaic dynasties by the length of their rule (in 25-year bins), [ q ] each dynasty being a coloured box. The early dynasties and the three Kingdoms are blue, with darker colours meaning older.
It is clearly demonstrated as existing during this dynasty by retainers being buried near each pharaoh's tomb as well as animals sacrificed for the burial. The tomb of Djer is associated with the burials of 338 individuals. [12] The people and animals sacrificed, such as donkeys, were expected to assist the pharaoh in the afterlife. For unknown ...
The dates given in this list of pharaohs are approximate. They are based primarily on the conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt , mostly based on the Digital Egypt for Universities [ 4 ] database developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology , but alternative dates taken from other authorities may be indicated separately.
Menes (fl. c. 3200–3000 BC; [1] / ˈ m eɪ n eɪ z /; Ancient Egyptian: mnj, probably pronounced * /maˈnij/; [6] Ancient Greek: Μήνης [5] and Μήν [7]) was a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period of ancient Egypt, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the First Dynasty.
Known as Ramses the Great, the pharaoh ruled Egypt from 1279 B.C. to 1213 B.C. and is credited with expanding Egypt's reach as far as modern day Syria to the east and Sudan to the south. A ...
Akhenaten (pronounced / ˌ æ k ə ˈ n ɑː t ən / listen ⓘ), [8] also spelled Akhenaton [3] [9] [10] or Echnaton [11] (Ancient Egyptian: ꜣḫ-n-jtn ʾŪḫə-nə-yātəy, pronounced [ˈʔuːχəʔ nə ˈjaːtəj] ⓘ, [12] [13] meaning 'Effective for the Aten'), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh reigning c. 1353–1336 [3] or 1351–1334 BC, [4] the tenth ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
The archaeological team discovered a long bronze sword decorated with the engravings of Ramesses II, one of Egypt’s more notable pharaohs from the 1200s BC, along with additional weapons, tools ...