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X:Y means material X doped with element Y, T C is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvins and H C is a critical magnetic field in tesla. "BCS" means whether or not the superconductivity is explained within the BCS theory.
Several physical properties of superconductors vary from material to material, such as the critical temperature, the value of the superconducting gap, the critical magnetic field, and the critical current density at which superconductivity is destroyed. On the other hand, there is a class of properties that are independent of the underlying ...
Metal alloy superconductors can also exhibit type-II behavior (e.g., niobium–titanium, one of the most common superconductors in applied superconductivity), as well as intermetallic compounds like niobium–tin. Other type-II examples are the cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials which have achieved the highest superconducting critical ...
In 1999, Anisimov et al. conjectured superconductivity in nickelates, proposing nickel oxides as direct analogs to the cuprate superconductors. [61] Superconductivity in an infinite-layer nickelate, Nd 0.8 Sr 0.2 NiO 2, was reported at the end of 2019 with a superconducting transition temperature between 9 and 15 K (−264.15 and −258.15 °C).
Conventional superconductors are materials that display superconductivity as described by BCS theory or its extensions. This is in contrast to unconventional superconductors, which do not. Conventional superconductors can be either type-I or type-II. Most elemental superconductors are conventional. Niobium and vanadium are type-II, while most ...
Matthias postulated an additional criterion in 1976 at the Rochester Conference on superconductivity to include these materials. [ 13 ] Another violation of Matthias rules appeared in 1979, with the discovery of heavy fermion superconductors by Frank Steglich [ 14 ] where magnetism was expected to play a role, contrary to the Matthias rules.
An organic superconductor is a synthetic organic compound that exhibits superconductivity at low temperatures.. As of 2007 the highest achieved critical temperature for an organic superconductor at standard pressure is 33 K (−240 °C; −400 °F), observed in the alkali-doped fullerene RbCs 2 C 60.
The biggest application for superconductivity is in producing the large-volume, stable, and high-intensity magnetic fields required for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This represents a multi-billion-US$ market for companies such as Oxford Instruments and Siemens.