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James Warren (1806–1908) was a British engineer who, around 1848 to 1907 (along with Willoughby Monzoni), patented the Warren-style truss bridge and girder design. This bridge design is mainly constructed by equilateral triangles which can carry both tension and compression.
That same year, the two men formed a bridge-building firm, Boody, Stone & Co., [10] which erected a large number of Howe truss bridges throughout New England. [8] Howe made additional improvements, and patented a second Howe truss design in 1846. [2] William Howe suffered a severe carriage accident and died on September 19, 1852.
The Pratt truss was patented in 1844 by two Boston railway engineers, [18] Caleb Pratt and his son Thomas Willis Pratt. [19] The design uses vertical members for compression and diagonal members to respond to tension. The Pratt truss design remained popular as bridge designers switched from wood to iron, and from iron to steel. [20]
William Howe was a construction contractor in Massachusetts when he patented the Howe truss design in 1840. [3] That same year, he established the Howe Bridge Works to build bridges using his design. [4] The first Howe truss ever built was a single-lane, 75-foot (23 m) long bridge in Connecticut carrying a road. [1]
The Brown truss enjoyed a brief period of favor in the 1860s, and is known to have been used in four covered bridges in Michigan, the Ada Covered Bridge, the Fallasburg Bridge, Whites Bridge and one other. The design did not appear to gain wide acceptance as modern bridges tend to be Howe, Pratt, bowstring or Warren trusses.
Dr. John Alexander Low Waddell (January 15, 1854 – March 3, 1938, often shortened to J.A.L. Waddell and sometimes known as John Alexander Waddell) was a Canadian-American civil engineer and prolific bridge designer, with more than a thousand structures to his credit in the United States, Canada, as well as Mexico, Russia, China, Japan, and New Zealand.